Oil Refinering Using Linear Programming Free Essays

INTRODUCTION My topic is oil refinering using linear programming, this is under petrochemical industries which mean it will deal more about chemicals, this is about optimising the cost using a modelling method in mathematics called linear programming. This is very important because it links what is done in petrochemical industries with mathematics. Since there is a huge need of the products that are produced after petroleum refinering which are petrol, gasoline, oil, diesel and etc so in the near future refiners and government will have to make decision to increase local refinering capacity or upgrade and expand the existing refineries(  (SAPIA) executive director  Avhapfani Tshifularo said so. We will write a custom essay sample on Oil Refinering Using Linear Programming or any similar topic only for you Order Now Currently South Africa is unable to produce sufficient fuel so at forces it to import refined products. we can describe oil refinering as an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products which are petroleum naphtha, gasoline diesel fuel etc. rude oil that is processed can be defined as a natural occurring flammable liquid which consist of mixture of hydrocarbons of different molecular weight and other liquid organic compounds. In the oil refinering, different products are made and are said to be bases or components, which are alkalyte, platform ate, penexate and COD gasoline, these products are stored in tanks. These are the main products we have in refinering . the reason for blending the components is to minimise cost. Since the type of product that is needed by the market is RON 95 when blending or mixing these components an octane booster must also be included. This is called gasoline blending which can be described as a fuel that is derived from petroleum crude oil; it is also blended or mixed with different hydrocarbons which are estimated to be about 200. When blending the components we are trying to minimize the cost, because we take very expensive components which are alkylate and platform ate and mix with cheap components like penoxate and COD gasoline. Linear programming is a reliable method in solving such problems; it is a very good technique in minimising the cost. When maximising the sale revenues we use linear model, 1 of the mathematical tool. We have to consider the availability of the components, their physical properties and the products needed by the market which is RON 95. The purpose of gasoline blending is to optimise the generation of valuable products such as gasoline wich I mentioned above and even to satisfy the demand for the market. How to cite Oil Refinering Using Linear Programming, Essay examples

Music Programs and Schools Essay Example For Students

Music Programs and Schools Essay Elementary schools and high schools across the U. S. Have lately suffered from financial strain. Because of this, budget cuts have to be made and music programs often suffer before sports and academics. Although some people believe that music is not a key component in preparing for employment and higher education, yet several others express otherwise, who say music has been shown to stimulate other parts of a students mind that can help them excel. Statistics have shown that the correlation between music class and other academia is not only positive for students, UT also can improve future scholastic abilities, and thus should not be cut from schools. Through the evaluation of various sources it becomes clear that students will suffer consequences such as losing the opportunity to learn how to play an instrument, a tool that can be used to boost grades in classes and improve every-day reasoning. Learning how to play an instrument is beneficial not only academically but also emotionally, like making students feel happy and relaxed. University of California scientists has discovered music instruction improves a childs spatial reasoning, an intelligence that helps in the classroom and in everyday life. Several other researches show that musical study develops critical thinking and self- discipline, as well as cognitive development, basic math, and reading abilities at an early age. In addition to these skills, students who are involved in a music program have a higher self-esteem, higher SAT scores, a greater sense of teamwork, better school attendance, and are more attentive. Charles Wright comments, Students involved with music are more likely to graduate from high school and attend college, receive more awards, and are less likely to become involved with gangs and substance abuse (Taylor). This is because music gives children something they enjoy to spend their free time on. This acts an escape from doing drugs and hanging out with gang members. To demonstrate that music education improves test grades, here is a conclusion of a few statistics: Students with coursework/experience in music performance and music appreciation scored higher on the SAT: Students in music performance scored 57 points higher on the verbal and 41 points higher on the math, and students in music appreciation scored 63 points higher on verbal and 44 points higher on the math, than did students with no arts participation (Houck). As well as better grades, students who participate in a band or orchestra have reported the lowest lifetime and current use of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. Some still may ask exactly how music fits into a regular curriculum. A few simple points a musician may answer with are; Sheet music is a chart: it has different frequencies, intensity, volume changes, melody, and harmony. It is mathematical: time signatures are a subdivision of time, they divide time into fractions. Also, speeds are counted as beats per second. It is physical education: training of posture, fingers, ands, arms, lips, cheeks, and most importantly, ears. It is foreign language: musical Music Programs Should Not Be Cut From Schools By Demurrers studying and a lot of discipline. It teaches players to work together and collaborate, a skill that is not easily taught in schools. All of these skills are useful inside the classroom as well as in the real world. Thats what school is about, right? Giving young children and teenagers practical tools to think on their own. Music is a great apparatus to train the brain for higher forms of thinking. Moved from other section of paper. Two problems in schools often prevent students from being able to take music classes. In Against Cutting Art and Music Programs in Schools by Olivia Houck, she raises a discussion about the dangers facing students nationally as fifty percent of kids are losing access to this part of their education. When George Bush issued the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001, requirements for reading and math testing were forced to be focused upon. Does Music Affect the Growth of Plants? EssayWhen the school board decided to cut the music program, she was let down. l was really disappointed because I feel really good when I play my violin. Blithe isnt the only one who feels happy when she plays her instrument. Nichols Lubbers of Washington Prep School claims Sticking with the choir and band was an escape from hanging out with gang members and smoking marijuana. But the band and choir gave me more than Just something to do. They changed my life. They instilled in me a love of music. They taught me discipline, perseverance, leadership, and boldness. I am proud to say that this past year I became the first person in my family to graduate from high school and attend college. Though some schools have to schedule back to back reading and math classes to reach their necessary goal, time can be put aside in a busy week for at least a single music class. One class a week is better for a child than none at all. Another argument regards what should be cut, if cuts are necessary to be made. Priority is crucial when it comes to education. Some say music, arts, and sports should all be removed before a single hard working teacher of a difficult subject gets cut. The purpose of school is to prepare students for higher education and employment. If there is not enough money in the budget to effectively teach math and reading, sports and music should go. Sadly, compromises have to be made in order to keep a school running efficiently. Some teachers will be cut, and subjects will be trimmed to mold an appropriate curriculum that fits the budget. In spite of these issues, there are alternative lotions. The music program itself can raise money through a boosters program to keep a balanced fund. Students can raise money for their own instruments through bake sales and other creative fundraisers. Other ways to raise money would be to play public shows; this will promote awareness about the local school bands and orchestras. Tickets can be sold and in return, people can enjoy their children playing beautiful music in hopes to preserve the music program. Is not only positive for students, but also can improve future scholastic abilities, and thus should not be cut from schools.

Reading between the Lines, Interpreting Music

Listening to music is a fabulous way to spend time. However, learning about the way this music was creates is a nonetheless exciting experience, and When We Were Good by Robert S. Cantwell, as well as The Rose the Briar: Death, Love and Liberty in the American Ballad by Greil Markus provide such an opportunity. Which is even more exciting, the two books offer a lot of food for thoughts and raise many interesting questions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reading between the Lines, Interpreting Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The best thing about When We Were Good is that it helps the readers recall some of their first music experiences, which must have started with the introduction to the world of animated movies. It was rather surprising to find out that famous Joan Baez and Bob Dylan worked on one of the soundtracks to Disney’s masterpiece, Lady and the Tramp, playing the part of the Siamese cats . Not only did this news expand my understanding of the genres in which Baez and Dylan performed, but also helped realize how important media is in terms of shaping one’s culture, and how well child impressions can be cemented in one’s memory. After reading When We Were Good, a number of people can hear the famous line â€Å"We are Siamese, if you please† somewhat differently. One of the things that made me wonder, though, is the fact that in his essay, â€Å"We Did Them Wrong,† Cecil Brown makes a clear statement about â€Å"Frankie and Albert† being based off of a single incident. To be more exact, Brown links the ballad to the infamous murder of Allen Britt, which was committed by Frankie Baker earlier. On the one hand, everything from the names in the title of the song to the lyrics points at the fact that the song could be written to honor the memory of Britt and make the audience recall the incident. On the other hand, nothing in the song sta tes explicitly that these are Allen Britt and Frankie Baker that the author is talking about; for what it is worth, the author could be talking about anyone of the same name, starting from his friends at up to fictional characters. Therefore, Brown’s bold statement about the way in which the song was created and what it was inspired by somehow rubs the wrong way. However, when it comes to analyzing the author’s original intent and idea, the discussion might turn rather heated, since there is no rule on how to interpret a work. Dave Marsh’s Barbara Allen, for instance, begs a similar question, making one guess whether the title of the most widespread folk song in the U.S. is actually praise or a statement of the song being slowly worn out. There are different schools of thoughts, each offering its own idea of the author’s intent. Some say that the author’s vision is the only valid one out there; others claim that once the work is open to discussion, it is free to be interpreted any which way the audience sees as possible. Thus, it is reasonable to admit that Brown’s idea of what the song is about has the right to exist, as well as the rest of the opinions on the issue, yet it still can be taken with a grain of salt.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Offering a lot of food for thoughts, The Rose the Briar: Death, Love and Liberty in the American Ballad helps the readers discover the aspects of the world of music that they have never heard of, revealing the readers new shades of meanings of the songs and compositions that used to seem a well-trodden path. This essay on Reading between the Lines, Interpreting Music was written and submitted by user Happy Hogan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Healing Meditation

Healing Meditation Introduction Meditation is a process of a determined focus on a sound, thing, movement or just attention to enhance awareness of the current moment, decrease anxiety, boost recreation and uphold personal and spiritual advancement (Seaward, 2012, pp. 67-74). Even if meditation is a significant religious endeavor in some religions and customs, it could be carried out by anybody irrespective of their cultural or spiritual settings to alleviate stress and ache.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Healing Meditation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While the Western health practitioners start comprehending the function of the mind in health and illness, there is more concern in the utilization of meditation in medication (Ospina et al., 2008, pp. 1199-1201). Meditative processes are progressively provided in health clinics and hospitals like a device for boosting wellbeing and quality of life. For instance, meditation is use d in individuals with enfeebling, chronic or terminal sickness. This paper compares and contrasts inclusive and exclusive meditation. Comparison and contrast Inclusive meditation is a kind of meditation that permits every thought to get into the screen of the mind, yet have no opinion or psychological connection. Inclusive meditation entails observance with psychological detachment (Ospina et al., 2008, pp. 1201-1203). Some of the examples of inclusive meditation are Zen Meditation and Mindfulness Meditation. Exclusive meditation (also referred to as restrictive meditation) is a kind of meditation that concentrates on just a single thought, to the barring of every other. Some of the vehicles for exclusive meditation encompass mental recurrence (mantra) and recurring sounds (nadem) just to mention a few. Some of the examples of exclusive meditation include Transcendental Meditation (TM) and the Relaxation Response. Both inclusive meditation and exclusive meditation are similar in tha t they both concentrate on silencing the occupied mind. The purpose is not to eradicate stimulation but instead to guide the attention of an individual to a particular healing component; a sound, a word, an image, consciousness or the breath of the individual. In a case where the mind is â€Å"occupied† with the sensation of calm and tranquility, it cannot set itself out and be troubled, stressed out or dejected. Inclusive and exclusive meditation can both entail actions that maintain the attention pleasantly rooted in concentration.Advertising Looking for report on alternative medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In an instance where the mind is calm and focused on concentration, it does not respond to the recollections from earlier times or anxiety of plans in the future, the two key contributors of chronic strain known to impinge on health (Ospina et al., 2008, pp. 1204-1209).  On the other hand, inc lusive meditation differs from exclusive meditation. Exclusive meditation involves methodically going past psychological activity and transcending every thought to experience gradually polished, more powerful phases, up to when an individual gets to the condition of pure awareness. Exclusive meditation is practiced as the deepest concentration of the mind with no thoughts but just consciousness, in its most pure and serene form. On the contrary, inclusive meditation is normally deemed a process of â€Å"open monitoring†; observing all thoughts, perceptual experiences or impressions as they emerge and set off devoid of judging or grasping, and is carried out to acquire insight and composure. Unlike inclusive meditation, exclusive meditation does not entail observing of thoughts, watching the breath or examining the body but is just a practice of transcending thoughts. While inclusive meditation occurs normally within the realm of the mind, exclusive meditation takes concentrat ion to the state of pure awareness, away from the mind (Ospina et al., 2008, pp. 1210-1213). Conclusion Meditation has been employed as the primary remedy for curing some illnesses, as an added cure in an extensive treatment arrangement, and as a way of boosting the quality of life of individuals. Both inclusive meditation and exclusive meditation are alike in that they both focus on bringing calm and peace to the occupied mind. On the other hand, they differ in that while inclusive meditation is based on all thoughts, exclusive meditation excludes thoughts and is based on consciousness. I think inclusive meditation is more effective as inclusion of all thoughts increases and eases the power of concentration thus inculcating a better sense of peace and pleasure. References Ospina, M., Bond, K., Karkhaneh, M., Buscemi, N., Dryden, D., Barnes, V., Carlson, L., Dusek, J., Shannahoff-Khalsa, D. (2008). Clinical trials of meditation practices in health care: characteristics and quality. The journal of alternative and complementary medicine, 14(10), 1199-1213.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Healing Meditation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Seaward, B.L. (2012). Managing stress: Principles and strategies for health and well-being. (7th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.

Space Tornadoes - Seen in Space or from Space

Space Tornadoes - Seen in Space or from Space Space tornadoes is a weather term that can have 2 different meanings. A space tornado can mean a tornado that occurs in outer space or it can mean terrestrial tornadoes that can be seen from space. Keep in mind that only terrestrial tornadoes on Earth are technically classified as a real tornado. Cosmic Tornadoes from Young Stars Solar Windstorm Tornadoes auroras New research from the University of California has made detailed measurements of these space tornadoes, also known as substorm current wedges. According to a National Geographic News story, space tornadoes kick-start terrestrial auroras. The University of California team has discovered that space tornadoes form at least every three hours and take just a minute to reach the ionosphere. Tornadoes from Space weather satellites Weather on Other Planets Hows the Weather on Other Planets? is an excellent site to tour the typical weather on other planets. For instance, the temperature on Venus, with an intense greenhouse effect, can reach 900 degrees Fahrenheit. You can also tour the 1,00 mile per hour winds on the planet Saturn.

Introduction to Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Decision Making - Essay Example Another problem that the review process encountered was the subjective nature of the review form. Categories should not use terms that are not defined. "Meets expectations" may hold different meanings for different managers. Rating scales of 1 to 5 may be interpreted differently by different people. If an employee is average do they receive a 2, 3, or 4 The rating scale needs to be based on more objective data and not subjective evaluation. The review system also needs to eliminate any political gain or loss for the management team. A manager should not be rewarded if his entire team exceeds expectations nor penalized for a poor evaluation. This can be solved by increasing the number of people beyond the immediate supervisor who has input into the review. These may be co-workers, other managers who are in contact with the employee, or peers. In the example of Milhouse being sold a part, he fell victim to the contrast frame. The salesman was able to compare the success of the company to a can of soda. Milhouse deduced that the success of the company was more important than a can of soda. In comparing the two choices, the part was not considered.

Higher Incidence of Diabetes Among the American Indians and Alaskan Essay

Higher Incidence of Diabetes Among the American Indians and Alaskan Natives - Essay Example Although the exact cause of this finding may vary from one case to another, it appears that genetic differences and racial or ethnic differences play a major role in this regard. Diabetes is affecting the lives of certain groups of the American population in a disproportionate manner and is, therefore, resulting in a number of health-related, social and financial problems; not only for the individuals suffering from the disease but also for those who are directly or indirectly involved with the patients. Diabetes is relatively more common among the American Indians and Alaskan Natives (Joslin and Kahn 514). The exact cause of why this disease affects these populations disproportionately is as yet unknown. With the passage of time, this disease is becoming more and more common among the people of young age belonging to these races and ethnicities. The prevalence of the diabetic disease is three times higher in American Indians and Alaskan Natives as compared to other American adults of similar ages. It is therefore essential to take corrective actions regarding prevention of diabetes in this population. As compared to other minorities, American Indian and Alaskan natives are extremely small in number and the term is used to refer to individuals having origins in the original people of South America and other people of the North that maintain tribal affiliation. The largest population of American Indians and Alaskan natives resides in California, Oklahoma, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Washington, Alaska, and Michigan. Alaskan villages harbor the majority of Alaskan natives (Shinagawa & Jang 98).